Abraham Wald and survivorship bias
Abraham Wald (1902-1950) was born in a Jewish family in a town in Austria – Hungarian empire. He was home- schooled by his parents until college. He studied mathematics in university, and graduated from University of Vienna with a PHD in mathematics. In 1938, he had to immigrated to the United States due to the discrimination and prosecution to Jews by the Nazi government. During World War II, Wald was a member of the Statistical Research Group (SRG) at Columbia University, where he applied his statistical skills to various wartime problems. The SGR was most high powered and most influential for the wartime military decisions, it had a handful of most extraordinary statisticians, and the smartest person in the group was Abraham Wald. One of the problems that the SRG worked on was to examine the damage distribution on aircraft returning after their flying missions from Europe and to provide advice on how to minimize crew los...